【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforReprocessingofReusable,Heat-StableEndoscopicAccessoryInstruments(EAI)UsedwithFlexibleEndoscopes
【原文标准名称】:与软性内窥镜一起使用的可重复使用的耐热内窥镜辅助仪器(EAI)再加工的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTMF1992-1999(2007)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1999
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:F04.35
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:cleaning;endoscopicaccessoryinstrument(EAI);flexibleendoscope;heatstableinstrument;heatsterilization;reprocessing;reusable;ultrasoniccleaning;EAI(endoscopicaccessoryinstrument);Flexiblesurgicalimplantmaterials;Heatstableinstrumen
【摘要】:EAIsmayhavedesignfeaturessuchascoiledmetalsheaths,pivotingjoints,opposedsurfaces,andinternallumensorwireswhichmakevisualinspectionforcleanlinessdifficultifnotimpossible.Bynatureoftheirdesignrequirements,EAIsaremoredifficulttoreprocessthanmanyothertypesofmedicalinstruments.BecauseEAIsareusedtodiagnoseandtreatdiseaseinbothimmunocompetentandimmunocompromisedindividuals,caremustbetakentoensurethatonlypatient-readydevicesareusedforexamination.TheuseofEAIsinpatientshavingdiagnosedorsuspectedinfectionssuchashepatitisB,hepatitisC,orhumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)isnotcontraindicated.Further,EAIsneednotbededicatedforuseonlyinthesepatients.Personsresponsibleforreprocessingmustunderstandthespecifications,nomenclature,functionofcomponentparts,andinteriordesignofEAIsinordertorenderthempatient-ready.PersonsresponsibleforreprocessingEAIsshouldfollowthispracticeandassociatedlabelingandinstructionsfrommanufacturersaftereachendoscopicproceduretoensurethattheEAIwillbepatient-ready.ReprocessingofEAIsshouldbethespecificresponsibilityofappropriatelytrainedpersonnel.Temporaryemployeeswithouttherequisitetrainingshouldnotbegiventheseresponsibilities.TheresponsibilityforreprocessingofEAIsshouldnotbedelegatedfrompersontopersonunlesseachhastheappropriatetrainingfortheposition.Reprocessingpersonnelshouldhavetheabilitytoread,understand,andimplementinstructionsfrommanufacturersandregulatoryagenciesastheyrelatetoEAIreprocessing.Reprocessingpersonnelshouldhavetheopportunitytobecomecompletelyfamiliarwiththemechanicalaspectsofthedevices.Theymaygainthisknowledgethroughstudyofthemanufacturer''sinformationanddemonstrationbyrepresentatives.ReprocessingpersonnelshouldbemadefullyawareofthepotentialchemicalandinfectioushazardsforpatientsandhealthcarepersonnelassociatedwiththereprocessingofEAIs.Trainingshouldinclude:Athoroughbackgroundininfectioncontrolprinciplesandconceptsbasedonwrittenin-houseinfectioncontrolprocedures.Athoroughbackgroundregardingthepotentialfornegativepatientoutcomesresultingfromlapsesincompliancewithwrittenreprocessingguidelines,FamiliarizationwithOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration(OSHA)regulationsandin-housepoliciesregardingtheappropriateandsafehandlingofchemicalreprocessingagentsandequipmentusedduringreprocessingofEAIs,andInformationonthesafehandlingofEAIscontaminatedwithpatienttissueandfluidsafteruse,includingfamiliarizationwithprinciplesandpracticesofstandard(universal)precautions.Note18212;AlthoughhealthcareworkersandpatientsmaybenefitfromadheringtotheregulatoryguidelinesissuedbyfederalandstateOSHAagencies,theseguidelinesaredirectedonlytowardhealthcareworkersafetyandhealth.Theymaynotbesufficientlyinclusiveforoptimumsafetyandhealthofpatients.Therefore,contemporaryinfectioncontrolguidelinesshouldbeconsultedinadditiontoOSHAguidelines.ThispracticeisnotintendedtoreplacethereprocessinginstructionprovidedbythemanufacturersofEAIsorsuggestspecificequipmentorchemicalreagentstobeusedforreprocessing.Rather,itistobeusedtogetherwithmanufacturers''instructionsthatprovidespecificinstructionsforspecificproducts.SeeAppendixX1.1.Thispracticeisnotintendedtocoverendoscopictechniques,patientcare,orothermedicalaspectsofflexibleendoscopy.Thispracticedoesnotincludeinstructionforreprocessingflexibleendoscopes.1.1Thispracticeco......
【中国标准分类号】:C38
【国际标准分类号】:11_040_30
【页数】:6P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:A.C.metal-enclosedswitchgearandcontrolgearforratedvoltagesabove1kVanduptoandincluding52kV
【原文标准名称】:额定电压1KV以上至72.5KV(含)交流金属封闭开关和控制设备
【标准号】:BSEN60298-1996
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:1996-07-15
【实施或试行日期】:1996-07-15
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(GB-BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:局部放电;额定电压;电气试验;试验条件;开关设备;温升极限;额定频率;介电测量;故障电流;防护电气设备;高压电器;性能试验;接地;漏泄试验;电气外壳;机械试验;设计;人工气候环境试验;定型试验;交流电流;控制设备;金属
【英文主题词】:specification(approval);isolatorswitches;ratedvoltage;switchgears;switchgear;fusecombinationunits;acswitchgearandcontrolgear;indoors;openair;electricalengineering;ratings;switches;switch-disconnectors;highvoltage;testing;installationsforratedvoltages;definitions;ratedvoltages;air-breakswitches;metalenclosures;properties;alternatingvoltages;definition;controldevices;alternatingcurrent;high-voltageequipment;design;high-voltageswitchgears;protectedelectricalequipment;qualificationtests
【摘要】:Thisstandardspecifiesrequirementsforfactory-assembledmetal-enclosedswitchgearandcontrolgearforalternatingcurrentofratedvoltagesabove1kVanduptoandincluding52kVforindoorandoutdoorinstallation,andforservicefrequenciesuptoandincluding60Hz.Formetal-enclosedswitchgearandcontrolgearcontaininggas-filledcompartments,thedesignpressureislimitedtoamaximumof3bar(gauge).Gas-filledcompartmentshavingadesignpressureexceeding3bar(gauge)shallbedesignedandtestedinaccordancewithIEC517.Metal-enclosedswitchgearandcontrolgearforspecialuse,forexampleinflammableatmospheres,inminesoronboardships,maybesubjecttoadditionalrequirements.Componentscontainedinmetal-enclosedswitchgearandcontrolgeararetobedesignedandtestedinaccordancewiththeirvariousrelevantstandards.Thisstandardsupplementsthestandardsfortheindividualcomponentsregardingtheirinstallationinswitchgearandcontrolgear.NOTE1SwitchgearandcontrolgearassemblieshavinganinsulationenclosurearecoveredbyIEC466.NOTE2Metal-enclosedswitchgearandcontrolgearforratedvoltagesabove52kVinsulatedbyairatatmosphericpressuremaybecoveredbythisstandardtakingintoaccounttheinsulationlevelsofIEC694.NOTE3Liquid-insulatedhermeticallysealedcompartmentsareequaltogas-filledcompartmentswithrespecttoindependencefromambientatmosphere.
【中国标准分类号】:K43
【国际标准分类号】:29_130_99
【页数】:54P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语