【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforPhotoelasticMeasurementsofBirefringenceandResidualStrainsinTransparentorTranslucentPlasticMaterials
【原文标准名称】:透明或半透明塑性材料中双折射及残余应变的光弹性量度的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD4093-1995(2005)e1
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1995
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D20.10
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:双折射;试验;塑料;测量;应变
【英文主题词】:birefringence;photoelasticmeasurements;photoelasticretardation;strain;strainopticalconstant;transparentplastics
【摘要】:Theobservationandmeasurementofstrainsintransparentortranslucentmaterialsisextensivelyusedinvariousmodelingtechniquesofexperimentalstressanalysis.Internalstrainsinducedinmanufacturingprocessessuchascasting,molding,welding,extrusion,andpolymerstretchingcanbeassessedandpartexhibitingexcessivestrainsidentified.Suchmeasurementscanleadtoeliminationofdefectiveparts,processimprovement,controlofannealingoperation,etc.Whentestingforphysicalproperties,polariscopicexaminationofspecimensisrequired,toeliminatethosespecimensexhibitingabnormalinternalstrainlevel(ordefects).Forexample:TestMethodsD638(Note8)andD882(Note11)recommendapolariscopicexamination.Thebirefringenceoforientedpolymerscanberelatedtoorientation,shrinkage,etc.Themeasurementsofbirefringenceaidincharacterizationofthesepolymers.Formanymaterials,theremaybeaspecificationthatrequirestheuseofthistestmethod,butwithsomeproceduralmodificationsthattakeprecedencewhenadheringtothespecification.Therefore,itisadvisabletorefertothatmaterialspecificationbeforeusingthistestmethod.Table1ofClassificationSystemD4000liststheASTMmaterialsstandardsthatcurrentlyexist.1.1Thistestmethodcoversmeasurementsofdirectionofprincipalstrains,1and2,andthephotoelasticretardation,,usingacompensator,forthepurposeofanalyzingstrainsintransparentortranslucentplasticmaterials.Thistestmethodcanbeusedtomeasurebirefringenceandtodeterminethedifferenceofprincipalstrainsornormalstrainswhentheprincipaldirectionsdonotchangesubstantiallywithinthelightpath.1.2Inadditiontothemethodusingacompensatordescribedinthistestmethod,othermethodsareinuse,suchasthegoniometricmethod(usingrotationoftheanalyzer)mostlyappliedformeasuringsmallretardation,andexpressingitasafractionofawavelength.Nonvisualmethodsemployingspectrophotometricmeasurementsandeliminatingthehumanjudgmentfactorarealsopossible.1.3Testdataobtainedbythistestmethodisrelevantandappropriateforuseinengineeringdesign.1.4ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorinch-poundunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Thevaluesstatedineachsystemmaynotbeexactequivalents;therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystemsmayresultinnonconformancewiththestandard.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.Note1ThereisnoknownISOequivalenttothistestmethod.
【中国标准分类号】:G31
【国际标准分类号】:83_080_01
【页数】:11P.;A4
【正文语种】:


Product Code:SAE J1041
Title:Braking System Test Procedures and Braking Performance Criteria for Agricultural Tractors (Cancelled Jul 1996, Superseded by ASAE S365.2)
Issuing Committee:Agricultural Tractor Standards Committee (Atsc)
Scope: The test procedures and performance criteria are directed to operation and parking of agricultural tractors equipped with braking system(s) and having a maximum design speed exceeding 6 km/h. Combinations of agricultural towing machines equipped with braking systems and towed agricultural machines without braking systems are included in this SAE Standard.